01
Front
What is precipitation?
Back
Precipitation is water that falls from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Free Online Flashcard Deck
2 Water at the Land Surface Free Online FlashCards
Study 2 Water at the Land Surface with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
12 cards
02
Front
What is interception?
Back
Interception occurs when leaves, branches, or other surfaces catch precipitation before it reaches the ground.
03
Front
What is infiltration?
Back
Infiltration is the entry of water from the ground surface into the soil.
04
Front
What is soil moisture?
Back
Soil moisture is water retained in soil pores.
05
Front
What does evapotranspiration combine?
Back
Evapotranspiration (ET) combines evaporation and transpiration.
06
Front
What is runoff, and what conditions favor it?
Back
Runoff flows from a drainage area toward streams, lakes, or other outlets. It is favored by intense rain, saturated or low-infiltration soils, steep slopes, and paved surfaces.
07
Front
What does the simplified drainage-basin water balance express?
Back
For a drainage basin over a chosen period: precipitation=evapotranspiration+runoff+Δstorage. Storage includes soil, snow, surface depressions, and groundwater.
08
Front
What can happen to water held by vegetation?
Back
Intercepted water may evaporate, drip from leaves, or run down stems to the soil.
09
Front
What factors affect infiltration rate?
Back
Infiltration depends on soil texture and structure, surface condition, and how wet the soil already is.
10
Front
What happens when rainfall exceeds the soil's infiltration capacity?
Back
Water may collect or flow over the surface when rainfall arrives faster than the soil can absorb it.
11
Front
What are two possible pathways for soil moisture?
Back
Plants draw on soil moisture through their roots; some water may drain downward and eventually recharge groundwater.
12
Front
What is evaporation in the water cycle?
Back
Evaporation transfers water from surfaces such as soil and water bodies into the atmosphere.
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