01
Front
What is groundwater?
Back
Groundwater is water stored beneath Earth’s surface in soil and sediment pores and in rock fractures.
Free Online Flashcard Deck
5 Groundwater Free Online FlashCards
Study 5 Groundwater with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
12 cards
02
Front
What makes a rock or sediment layer an aquifer?
Back
An aquifer is saturated rock or sediment that can store and transmit enough water to supply wells or springs.
03
Front
What does porosity describe?
Back
Porosity is the proportion of a material’s volume made up of openings; it indicates how much space is available to hold water.
04
Front
What is a confining layer?
Back
A confining layer transmits water poorly and may restrict groundwater flow between aquifers.
05
Front
What does water level in a well tapping a confined aquifer indicate?
Back
In a well tapping a confined aquifer, water rises to the aquifer’s potentiometric surface, which reflects pressure rather than the aquifer’s depth.
06
Front
When is a well called a flowing artesian well?
Back
A flowing artesian well occurs when pressure in a confined aquifer raises water above the land surface.
07
Front
In which direction does groundwater generally move?
Back
Groundwater generally moves from higher hydraulic head to lower hydraulic head; gravity and pressure drive the movement.
08
Front
What is groundwater recharge?
Back
Recharge is water that reaches the saturated zone and adds to groundwater storage.
09
Front
What is a cone of depression?
Back
Pumping lowers water level or pressure near a well, forming a roughly cone-shaped zone of drawdown called a cone of depression.
10
Front
How do gaining and losing rivers differ?
Back
Groundwater flowing into a river makes it gaining; this contribution is called baseflow. A losing river seeps water into the ground and recharges an aquifer.
11
Front
What does permeability describe?
Back
Permeability describes how readily water can move through a material, especially how well its openings connect.
12
Front
What is the water table in an unconfined aquifer?
Back
In an unconfined aquifer, the water table is the upper boundary of the saturated zone. It can rise or fall as recharge and discharge change.
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