4 Pathways to Unequal Health Outcomes Free Online FlashCards

What are social determinants of health?

Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, learn, work, and age, together with the wider forces shaping those conditions.

What does a social gradient in health describe?

A social gradient means health tends to worsen at each step down the social hierarchy, rather than disadvantage affecting only the poorest group.

When is a health difference generally called a health inequity?

Health inequity generally refers to avoidable, unjust health differences linked to social disadvantage. Not every difference in outcomes is automatically unfair.

What are structural determinants of health inequity?

Structural determinants include political and economic contexts and systems that distribute power, money, and resources, shaping people's social position.

What are intermediary determinants?

Intermediary determinants are conditions through which social position affects health, including material and psychosocial circumstances, behavioral and biological factors, and the health system.

What are the five Healthy People 2030 SDOH domains?

The five domains are economic stability; education access and quality; health care access and quality; neighborhood and built environment; and social and community context.

What five dimensions describe health-service accessibility?

The five service-accessibility dimensions are approachability, acceptability, availability and accommodation, affordability, and appropriateness.

What five abilities do people need to use health services?

The five abilities are to perceive a need, seek care, reach services, pay, and engage in care.

How does the patient-centered access framework define access?

Access depends on the interaction between health-service characteristics and people's abilities to use services; having a service available does not guarantee practical access.

Why might an available clinic service still be inaccessible to a worker?

A clinic may offer a service but remain practically inaccessible to a worker who cannot take paid leave to attend during standard work hours.

How can poor housing and constrained resources combine to worsen asthma?

Housing conditions can increase exposure to illness, while low wages, inflexible work, and unreliable transport can make assessment, medication, and follow-up harder to obtain.

How can illness feed back into social disadvantage?

Illness can reduce a person's ability to work or study, create new expenses, and strain family resources, deepening the social and economic conditions that contributed to it.