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Introduction to Epistemology - PHIL 202

Covers knowledge, belief, justification, skepticism, truth, rationalism, empiricism, and major philosophical theories of knowledge.

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Study guides

9

4 Sources of Knowledge

Learn how perception, memory, testimony, introspection, and inference support knowledge, where each source can fail, and how they work together.
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8 Knowledge, Reason, and Science

Explore how knowledge is justified, how deductive and inductive reasoning differ, how scientific inquiry tests explanations, and why scientific conclusions remain open to revision.
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9 Social Epistemology

Explore how social relationships shape what people know, including the roles of testimony, expertise, disagreement, and fairness in shared knowledge.
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6 Skepticism and Its Challenges

Examine skeptical challenges to knowledge of the external world, other minds, the future, and the structure of justification, along with influential responses.
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7 Theories of Knowledge

Compare four approaches to knowledge by examining how they explain reliable belief, intellectual ability, conversational standards, and evidence-guided inquiry.
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5 Rationalism and Empiricism

Compare how rationalism and empiricism explain the sources and limits of knowledge, from a priori and a posteriori justification to Hume’s challenge and Kant’s synthesis.
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2 What Is Knowledge?

Explore the kinds of knowledge, the traditional justified-true-belief analysis, and why Gettier cases have made the definition of knowledge a continuing philosophical debate.
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3 Belief, Truth, and Justification

Learn how belief, truth, evidence, and justification differ, why justified true belief may not be enough for knowledge, and how three theories explain the structure of justification.
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1 Introduction to Epistemology

An introduction to epistemology’s questions about knowledge, belief, justification, evidence, certainty, and the limits of what people can know.
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Quizzes

9

5 Rationalism and Empiricism

A medium-difficulty quiz on how rationalism and empiricism understand experience, reason, and the limits of knowledge.
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9 Social Epistemology

A medium-difficulty quiz on how social relationships, testimony, expertise, disagreement, and injustice shape knowledge.
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4 Sources of Knowledge

A medium-difficulty quiz on how perception, memory, testimony, introspection, and inference support knowledge, and on the limits of those sources.
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6 Skepticism and Its Challenges

A medium-difficulty quiz on skeptical arguments, responses to skepticism, induction, other minds, and theories of justification.
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8 Knowledge, Reason, and Science

Assess how different forms of reasoning work, how scientific claims are tested, and why scientific knowledge is reliable yet revisable.
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7 Theories of Knowledge

A medium-difficulty quiz on theories of knowledge, focusing on how they explain reliable belief, intellectual competence, knowledge attributions, and inquiry.
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2 What Is Knowledge?

A medium-difficulty quiz on kinds of knowledge, the justified-true-belief account, Gettier cases, and proposed responses to the Gettier problem.
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1 Introduction to Epistemology

A medium-difficulty quiz on epistemology, belief, evidence, justification, certainty, and skepticism.
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3 Belief, Truth, and Justification

A medium-difficulty quiz on the relationships among belief, truth, evidence, and justification, and on theories that address the regress problem.
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Flashcards

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8 Knowledge, Reason, and Science

Review key concepts in epistemology and scientific reasoning, including how evidence supports knowledge and why scientific conclusions remain revisable.
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7 Theories of Knowledge

Review four approaches to knowledge and how they explain reliable belief, intellectual ability, knowledge claims, and inquiry.
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2 What Is Knowledge?

Explore the kinds of knowledge, the justified-true-belief account, the challenge posed by Gettier cases, and influential proposed responses.
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4 Sources of Knowledge

Learn how perception, memory, testimony, introspection, and inference support knowledge, and where their limits lie.
Flashcards · Updated

9 Social Epistemology

Review how testimony, expertise, disagreement, and injustice shape the ways people acquire and assess knowledge together.
Flashcards · Updated

6 Skepticism and Its Challenges

Explore skeptical challenges to knowledge of the external world, other minds, and the future, along with influential responses and theories of justification.
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3 Belief, Truth, and Justification

Review core epistemological concepts and compare three theories of how beliefs gain justification.
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5 Rationalism and Empiricism

Review how rationalism and empiricism differ about knowledge, experience, and reason, along with key arguments from Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant.
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1 Introduction to Epistemology

Review the core concepts of epistemology, including belief, knowledge, justification, evidence, certainty, and skepticism.
Flashcards · Updated