2 What Is Knowledge? Free Online FlashCards

What does epistemology study?

Epistemology is the philosophical study of knowledge, including what distinguishes knowing from merely believing something true by luck.

What is propositional knowledge?

Propositional knowledge is knowing that a particular claim is true; the claim is something that can be true or false.

What are the three conditions in the JTB account?

The JTB account says knowledge requires a true proposition, belief in that proposition, and justification for the belief.

What makes a case a Gettier case?

A Gettier case is one in which a person has a justified true belief, but its truth depends on an accident unrelated to the evidence.

How does the stopped-clock example create a Gettier case?

Priya sees a normally reliable clock showing 3:00. It stopped exactly twelve hours earlier, and it happens to be 3:00 when she looks.

What does the no-false-grounds proposal add to JTB?

The no-false-grounds proposal denies knowledge when a belief’s justification essentially depends on a false assumption.

What is practical knowledge?

Practical knowledge, or know-how, is the ability or competence to perform an activity, such as swimming.

What is knowledge by acquaintance?

Knowledge by acquaintance is familiarity with a person, place, or experience, such as knowing a city by having visited it.

Can kinds of knowledge overlap?

The categories can overlap: someone who has visited Paris may be acquainted with the city and also know facts about its streets and history.

Why does JTB require truth?

On the JTB account, a person cannot know a proposition that is false; the proposition must be true.

What does justification mean in the JTB account?

Justification means the belief is supported by adequate evidence or formed by an appropriate method, rather than being a mere guess.

What does reliabilism emphasize?

Reliabilism emphasizes whether a belief is produced by a process that tends to yield true beliefs, such as ordinary vision in suitable conditions.