01
Choose one
1 point
Most people in a town believe that a bus has arrived, but no one has checked the stop. Which statement best describes what determines whether the proposition “the bus has arrived” is true?
Free Practice Quiz Question List
3 Belief, Truth, and Justification Online Quiz Questions
Use this free practice quiz with 20 questions to review 3 Belief, Truth, and Justification, test your knowledge, and prepare for your next test or exam.
20 questions
02
True or false
1 point
Seeing a bus at a stop can count as evidence that it has arrived, even if that observation does not prove the conclusion beyond doubt.
- A
True
- B
False
03
Written response
1 point
What is the term for an attitude of accepting a proposition as true?
04
Fill in the blank
1 point
In foundationalism, some can be justified without being inferred from other beliefs.
05
Choose one
1 point
A person reaches a true conclusion through misleading evidence, and the conclusion happens to be true by coincidence. What does this kind of case challenge?
- A
They show that a belief cannot be justified by evidence.
- B
They show that truth depends on how strongly a person believes a proposition.
- C
They suggest that a justified true belief may still fail to be knowledge when its truth is accidental.
- D
They establish that every true belief is knowledge.
06
Choose all
1 point
Select all features that can contribute to a belief being epistemically justified.
- A
The belief is supported by relevant evidence.
- B
The belief is held with strong confidence, regardless of its support.
- C
The belief results from good reasoning.
- D
The belief is accepted by many people, regardless of its support.
- E
The belief is formed through a dependable way of forming beliefs.
07
True or false
1 point
On the account described, foundationalists must regard every basic belief as infallible.
- A
True
- B
False
08
Written response
1 point
What is the name of the problem about how a belief can be justified when its reasons may themselves call for justification?
09
Fill in the blank
1 point
A traditional account describes knowledge as .
10
Choose one
1 point
Which statement describes coherentism about justification, rather than a coherence theory of truth?
- A
It says a proposition is true whenever a person believes it.
- B
It says a belief’s justification depends on how well it fits within a broader system of beliefs.
- C
It says every justified belief must be inferred from a basic belief.
- D
It defines truth as whatever is supported by an endless chain of reasons.
11
Choose all
1 point
Select all statements that accurately describe a challenge faced by one of the three responses to the regress problem.
- A
Foundationalism must explain how basic beliefs receive adequate support and how they can justify more complex claims.
- B
Coherentism must explain how coherence connects a system to reality and how experience constrains it.
- C
Infinitism must explain how a person can have justification if no one can consider or complete an infinite series of reasons.
- D
Coherentism must explain why every chain of reasons ends in a basic belief.
- E
Infinitism requires a person to consciously rehearse infinitely many reasons.
12
Open ended
1 point
A person sees a distant, bus-shaped vehicle and concludes that the bus has arrived. Explain what the person believes, how the observation functions as evidence, and why neither the truth of the conclusion nor its justification is settled by the observation alone.
13
Choose one
1 point
A foundationalist treats some beliefs as basic and uses them to support other beliefs. What is a central challenge this view must address?
- A
How basic beliefs receive adequate support and can justify more complex claims.
- B
How a coherent system can contain mutually supporting beliefs.
- C
How reasons can continue without ending or repeating.
- D
Why truth must depend on how many people accept a proposition.
14
Choose one
1 point
A passenger confidently believes that the bus has arrived, and many people at the stop agree. The bus has not arrived. According to the account of truth in the material, which conclusion follows?
- A
The proposition is true because the passenger believes it confidently.
- B
The proposition is false because the bus has not arrived, regardless of how confidently or widely it is believed.
- C
The proposition is true because many people at the stop agree.
- D
The proposition is true because the passenger has evidence, even though the bus has not arrived.
15
Choose one
1 point
Someone sees a similar-looking bus from far away and concludes that the expected bus has arrived. How should this observation be understood as evidence?
- A
It proves the bus has arrived because visual perception is evidence.
- B
It is not evidence, because evidence must establish a conclusion with certainty.
- C
It may support the belief, but it is relatively weak evidence and does not settle the question.
- D
It makes the belief justified regardless of whether the bus is actually there.
16
Choose one
1 point
A person forms a belief using evidence that seems relevant and reliable but is misleading, so the belief is false. Which assessment best fits the account of epistemic justification?
- A
The belief may be justified even though it is false, if the misleading evidence provides appropriate support.
- B
The belief cannot be justified unless it is true.
- C
The belief is justified only if the person is certain it is true.
- D
The belief is justified because any belief that turns out false was a lucky guess.
17
Choose one
1 point
What is the central challenge Gettier-style cases raise for the traditional account of knowledge as justified true belief?
- A
They show that a person can know a proposition without believing it.
- B
They show that justification always makes a belief true.
- C
They show that truth depends on whether a belief is justified.
- D
They suggest that justified true belief may fail to be knowledge when the belief is true by coincidence.
18
True or false
1 point
True or false: Infinitism requires a person to consciously consider or complete infinitely many reasons in order to be justified in a belief.
- A
True
- B
False
19
Written response
1 point
What is the name of the problem raised when a reason for a belief may itself require justification, potentially leading to an ending point, a loop, or an endless chain?
20
Written response
1 point
A philosopher investigates what it is to know something and what makes a belief rationally supported. What field of philosophy is this?