06/14 Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry Free Online FlashCards

What does stoichiometry describe?

Stoichiometry describes quantitative relationships between reactant amounts consumed and product amounts formed, using ratios from a correctly balanced chemical equation.

How are reactants and products positioned in an equation?

Reactants are written on the left, products on the right, plus signs separate substances, and the arrow shows reaction direction.

What may be changed when balancing an equation?

Change coefficients, never subscripts. Changing a subscript changes the substance’s identity, whereas coefficients adjust amounts while preserving formulas.

What does a net ionic equation show?

A net ionic equation removes spectator ions and shows only the species directly involved in the reaction.

What pattern defines a synthesis reaction?

Synthesis, or combination, forms one product from two or more substances. Its general pattern is A + B → AB.

What products form in complete hydrocarbon combustion?

Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water, usually while releasing heat and light.

How do oxidation and reduction differ?

Oxidation increases oxidation number and commonly involves electron loss; reduction decreases oxidation number and commonly involves electron gain.

What mole ratio comes from 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O?

For 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, the mole ratio is 2 mol H₂ : 1 mol O₂ : 2 mol H₂O.

What is the standard stoichiometric calculation pathway?

Convert the given quantity to moles, apply the balanced-equation coefficient ratio, then convert to the requested unit.

What determines the maximum product amount?

The limiting reactant is consumed first and determines the maximum amount of product. The other reactant remains in excess.

How can the limiting reactant be identified reliably?

Calculate the product possible from each reactant; the reactant producing the smaller amount of product is limiting.

How do theoretical and actual yield differ?

Theoretical yield is the maximum amount predicted by stoichiometry; actual yield is the amount obtained experimentally.