Study 07 Mood and Anxiety Disorders with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
What characterizes major depressive disorder (MDD)?
MDD involves depressed or irritable mood, or loss of interest or pleasure, with other symptoms that persist most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks and interfere with daily life.
What distinguishes persistent depressive disorder (PDD)?
Persistent depressive disorder involves a longer-lasting pattern of depressive symptoms, typically for at least two years. Symptoms may be less intense than a major depressive episode but can still substantially affect daily life.
What distinguishes mania from hypomania?
Mania and hypomania involve unusually elevated or irritable mood and increased energy or activity. Hypomania is less severe than mania, though changes in behavior and energy may still be noticeable.
Which episodes distinguish bipolar I from bipolar II?
Bipolar I includes mania. Bipolar II includes hypomanic and depressive episodes.
What is characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
Generalized anxiety disorder involves persistent, excessive worry across several areas of life, often with symptoms such as restlessness, tension, fatigue, sleep problems, or difficulty concentrating.
What pattern characterizes panic disorder?
Panic disorder involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks followed by ongoing worry about further attacks or behavior changes to avoid them. New or severe physical symptoms should be medically assessed rather than assumed to be panic.
What characterizes social anxiety disorder?
Social anxiety disorder involves intense fear of being judged, embarrassed, or scrutinized in social or performance situations. This may lead someone to avoid situations they want to participate in.
When may anxiety indicate an anxiety disorder?
An anxiety disorder may be present when fear or worry is persistent, difficult to control, and interferes with daily activities. Anxiety itself is a normal response to stress.
How can mood and anxiety disorders affect daily functioning?
They can affect school or work, relationships, self-care, sleep, decision-making, and enjoyable activities. Depression may make ordinary tasks overwhelming, while anxiety may contribute to avoidance or repeated reassurance-seeking.
How can you respond supportively to someone in distress?
Listen calmly and without judgment, and acknowledge the person's experience. Open questions such as “What has been hardest lately?” can help them describe what support they need.
How can practical support respect a person's autonomy?
Ask permission before helping with practical tasks, such as arranging an appointment or contacting a trusted support person. Breaking overwhelming tasks into manageable steps can help.
What can professional assessment help determine?
A primary care clinician or mental health professional can assess symptoms, functioning, safety, and possible medical or substance-related contributors. Care may include psychotherapy, medication, or both, chosen with the person and clinician.