1 Foundations of CNS Pharmacology Free Online FlashCards

How do SSRIs and SNRIs differ in their reuptake effects?

SSRIs inhibit serotonin reuptake; SNRIs inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake.

What should someone do about new suicidal thoughts after starting an antidepressant?

Promptly contact the prescribing clinician or seek urgent help, depending on immediate risk.

What receptor actions commonly distinguish first- and second-generation antipsychotics?

Many first-generation antipsychotics block dopamine D₂ receptors; many second-generation agents also act at serotonin receptors.

What receptor do benzodiazepines enhance, and what interaction is especially dangerous?

Benzodiazepines enhance signaling at GABA-A receptors. Combining them with opioids or alcohol can cause profound sedation and respiratory depression.

What precautions help reduce risks from sedative-hypnotics?

Sedating medicines can impair alertness and coordination. Avoid driving until their effects are known, and do not combine them with alcohol or other sedatives unless specifically directed.

How can antiseizure medicines reduce seizures, and why avoid stopping some suddenly?

Different antiseizure medicines can affect ion channels or neurotransmission to reduce abnormal neuronal activity. Stopping some suddenly can be dangerous.

What should someone taking lamotrigine do if a new rash develops?

Contact a healthcare professional promptly for advice, especially if the rash is severe, blistering, or accompanied by sores or fever.

What monitoring and daily-consistency precautions are important with lithium?

Keep recommended laboratory appointments, maintain fluid and salt intake consistently as instructed, and check with a healthcare professional before starting medicines such as ibuprofen or naproxen.

Why is lithium used as a mood stabilizer?

Lithium is used to treat or prevent manic episodes in bipolar disorder. Safe use includes following the prescribed plan and attending monitoring appointments.

How does carbidopa support levodopa treatment for Parkinson disease?

Carbidopa reduces levodopa conversion to dopamine outside the brain, helping more levodopa reach the brain and limiting peripheral effects.

How do donepezil and memantine differ in Alzheimer disease treatment?

Donepezil inhibits acetylcholinesterase, while memantine acts at NMDA receptors. These medicines may help symptoms but do not cure Alzheimer disease.

Why is combining an opioid with a benzodiazepine or alcohol dangerous?

Combining opioids with benzodiazepines, alcohol, or other CNS depressants can cause severe sedation and slowed or difficult breathing. Do not add alcohol, and consult a prescriber or pharmacist about the medication combination.