2 Heparin and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins Free Online FlashCards

What are two common clinical purposes of heparin or LMWH?

They are used to prevent venous thromboembolism in at-risk patients and to treat conditions such as deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.

How do common administration routes differ for UFH and LMWH?

UFH is commonly given intravenously or subcutaneously; LMWHs such as enoxaparin are usually given subcutaneously.

Which tests commonly guide adjustment of a UFH infusion?

A continuous UFH infusion is commonly adjusted using aPTT or an anti-factor Xa assay calibrated for UFH, according to the local protocol.

Are PT/INR or aPTT routinely used to adjust enoxaparin?

Routine coagulation-test adjustment is generally unnecessary for enoxaparin; PT/INR and aPTT do not adequately measure its anticoagulant effect.

What baseline checks are important before heparin therapy?

Check baseline blood counts, including platelets, and relevant coagulation tests; assess kidney function where relevant, particularly with LMWH.

What should be suspected if a patient on heparin develops black stools and dizziness?

Suspect clinically important bleeding, potentially gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Promptly notify the treating clinician and assess the patient.

What serious reaction is suggested by a platelet fall with new thrombosis on heparin?

HIT with thrombosis is concerning when a substantial platelet fall occurs alongside a new thrombosis during heparin treatment.

How does protamine reverse UFH compared with enoxaparin?

Protamine reverses UFH; its reversal of enoxaparin is incomplete.

When might anti-factor Xa testing be considered for enoxaparin?

Anti-factor Xa measurement may be considered in selected situations, such as renal impairment or when abnormal coagulation results or bleeding raise concern.

What should be monitored during heparin treatment?

Monitor for bleeding and follow platelet counts and other tests as appropriate for the drug, dose, patient, and local protocol.

What is a key administration precaution for heparin products?

Use the prescribed route and dose, and follow product-specific injection instructions. Heparin and LMWH are not given orally.

What are key next steps when HIT is moderately or highly suspected?

With intermediate or high suspicion, stop all heparin exposure, including flushes, urgently evaluate for HIT, and generally use a non-heparin anticoagulant while testing proceeds.