2 Nutrition and Hydration Free Online FlashCards

What should guide a person’s food and fluid support?

Follow the person’s individualized care plan. Illness, medicines, activity, age, and heart or kidney conditions can change food and fluid needs.

What food groups generally make up a balanced eating pattern?

A balanced pattern generally includes a variety of vegetables and fruit, grains, protein foods, and dairy or suitable alternatives.

How can caregivers support choice and independence at meals?

Offer foods the person enjoys that fit their care plan and cultural or religious preferences, and encourage them to do as much as they safely can independently.

How should a caregiver respond when someone declines food or drink?

Respect the choice, offer food or drink again later if appropriate, and report persistent poor intake. Do not pressure or force-feed.

What guides drink offerings when a person has fluid or swallowing instructions?

Offer drinks regularly, including with and between meals, if allowed. Follow prescribed fluid limits and swallowing instructions; do not change fluid thickness or use a straw unless directed.

What are possible signs of dehydration?

Possible signs include thirst, dry mouth, urinating less than usual, dark urine, tiredness, or dizziness. Report concerns promptly.

What should be checked before helping someone eat?

Check identity, meal and fluid instructions, allergies, assistance needs, and swallowing precautions. Wash hands, explain the task, and position the person upright and alert.

When should a caregiver not feed someone?

Do not feed someone who is drowsy or lying down. Assist only when the person is alert and positioned safely.

How should food and drink be paced during meal assistance?

Offer small bites or sips at a manageable pace. Allow time to chew and swallow, and check that food is not being held in the cheeks.

Which signs during eating or drinking call for stopping and seeking help?

Stop and seek help if the person coughs, chokes, has a wet or gurgling voice, becomes breathless, or appears unable to swallow. Report the signs to a nurse or appropriate clinician.

Who should determine changes to food texture or swallowing techniques?

Never independently prescribe pureed foods, thickened liquids, or swallowing techniques. Swallowing concerns may require assessment by a speech-language pathologist.

What health or comfort problems can contribute to reduced food intake?

Possible causes include dry mouth, dental pain or poorly fitting dentures, chewing or swallowing difficulty, nausea, illness, medicine effects, fatigue, or mood and memory changes.