2. Population Distribution and Demographic Structure Free Online FlashCards

What is population distribution?

Population distribution is the spatial arrangement of people across Earth’s surface. It is highly uneven, with concentrations in some regions and sparse settlement in others.

How is arithmetic density calculated?

Arithmetic density = total population ÷ total land area. It is usually expressed as people per square kilometer or per square mile.

What does physiological density measure?

Physiological density is total population divided by arable land. It indicates pressure on productive farmland.

What is agricultural density?

Agricultural density is the number of farmers divided by the amount of arable land. A high value may indicate labor-intensive farming or limited access to machinery.

What does population composition describe?

Population composition refers to the characteristics of a population, including age, sex, ethnicity, language, migration status, education, occupation, household structure, and income.

What can a broad-based age-sex pyramid indicate?

A broad base suggests high fertility and a youthful population. A narrow base with a larger upper section suggests low fertility and population aging.

What is median age?

Median age is the age that divides a population into two equal groups: half are younger and half are older.

How is the sex ratio calculated?

Sex ratio = (number of males ÷ number of females) × 100. It expresses the number of males per 100 females.

What does the dependency ratio compare?

The dependency ratio compares young and older people with the population in the principal working ages: (young + older population) ÷ working-age population × 100.

What does total fertility rate estimate?

Total fertility rate (TFR) estimates the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if current age-specific fertility rates remained constant.

What does infant mortality rate measure?

Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of children under age one per 1,000 live births. It helps indicate maternal and child health and living conditions.

What is natural increase?

Natural increase is the change in population produced by births minus deaths, excluding migration.