3. Population Dynamics and Demographic Change Free Online FlashCards

What is the difference between fertility and fecundity?

Fertility is the actual production of children by individuals or populations; fecundity is the biological capacity to reproduce.

What is the crude birth rate formula?

CBR = (live births in a year ÷ midyear population) × 1,000.

What is the approximate replacement-level fertility in many countries?

Replacement-level fertility is approximately 2.1 births per woman in many countries, though the exact level varies with mortality and sex ratios.

What does the infant mortality rate measure?

IMR is the number of deaths of infants younger than one year per 1,000 live births in a year.

How is the rate of natural increase calculated?

RNI = CBR − CDR. When rates are per 1,000, divide the result by 10 to express RNI as a percentage.

What does an expansive population pyramid indicate?

An expansive pyramid has a broad base and narrow top, indicating high birth rates and a large proportion of children.

What does the dependency ratio compare?

The dependency ratio compares ages 0–14 and 65+ with ages 15–64: [(0–14 + 65+) ÷ 15–64] × 100.

What characterizes Stage 2 of the demographic transition model?

In Stage 2, death rates decline rapidly while birth rates remain high, causing rapid population growth.

What is a population policy?

A population policy is a government strategy intended to influence population size, growth, age structure, distribution, fertility, mortality, or migration.

How does the Rule of 70 estimate population doubling time?

The Rule of 70 estimates doubling time as 70 divided by the annual growth rate in percent.

What does the cohort-component method use to project populations?

The cohort-component method projects population by age and sex using assumptions about fertility, mortality, and migration.

What does total fertility rate measure?

TFR is the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if current age-specific fertility rates remained constant.