3 Circulatory, Musculoskeletal, and Gastrointestinal Complications Free Online FlashCards

What conditions are included in venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

What is disuse atrophy?

Disuse atrophy is the loss of muscle strength and possible decrease in muscle size when muscles are used less.

What signs can indicate constipation?

Constipation may involve fewer than three bowel movements a week, hard or dry stools, difficulty passing stool, or a feeling of incomplete emptying. A person’s usual pattern matters; frequency alone does not define a problem.

What is a pulmonary embolism, and why is it dangerous?

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a clot travels to the lungs; it can be life-threatening.

How does prolonged bed rest affect VTE risk?

Immobility and prolonged bed rest slow blood flow, increasing VTE risk.

What should you do if a person on bed rest develops a warm, swollen calf?

New one-sided leg swelling, pain, warmth, or redness may indicate DVT. Report it promptly for clinical assessment; do not massage the leg.

Which symptoms may signal a pulmonary embolism?

Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing blood, fainting, or a rapid heartbeat may indicate PE and requires emergency assessment.

What movement measures can help prevent VTE?

Promote safe, early mobility as the care plan allows. When walking is not possible, encourage appropriate leg and ankle movement.

How is VTE prophylaxis selected?

A clinician weighs clotting risk against bleeding risk to decide whether medication, a mechanical device, or both are appropriate.

What activities can help limit muscle loss during reduced mobility?

Encourage regular movement within the person’s abilities and care plan, such as walking, sitting out of bed, active range-of-motion exercises, or therapist-directed strengthening.

How does passive movement differ from active movement for muscle strengthening?

Passive movement supports joint mobility but does not provide the same muscle-strengthening benefit as active movement.

How can nutrition support muscle health during inactivity?

Support adequate food and protein intake, with individualized guidance when illness, poor intake, or dietary restrictions complicate nutrition.