01
Front
What three processes describe language production?
Back
Conceptualization, formulation, and output. These processes can interact and recur rather than occurring as a fixed sequence.
Free Online Flashcard Deck
5 Planning and Producing Language Free Online FlashCards
Study 5 Planning and Producing Language with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
12 cards
02
Front
What does conceptualization determine?
Back
It determines what to communicate and how to present it for a particular purpose and audience.
03
Front
What is a message representation?
Back
It is a representation of the intended ideas and their relationships before they have been fully expressed in words.
04
Front
What knowledge can guide language planning?
Back
Planning draws on knowledge of the topic, audience, and task. Conversation also uses shared knowledge and the ongoing exchange.
05
Front
What happens during formulation?
Back
It maps the intended message onto linguistic forms, preparing words, grammar, and spoken or written forms.
06
Front
What grammatical details must formulation encode?
Back
Language production encodes grammatical details such as tense and word order.
07
Front
How is a word prepared for speech?
Back
The speaker accesses a word’s meaning and grammatical properties, then retrieves and organizes its sound structure.
08
Front
What does written formulation involve beyond word choice and grammar?
Back
Writers access spellings and apply conventions such as capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.
09
Front
How does a speech plan become an audible utterance?
Back
A phonetic plan guides movements of the vocal tract and other speech mechanisms to produce an audible utterance.
10
Front
How can speakers monitor their speech?
Back
They monitor what they intend to say and what they hear themselves say, allowing them to pause, correct an error, or restart.
11
Front
How is a writing plan produced as text?
Back
A linguistic plan becomes visible text through handwriting, typing, or another text-entry method.
12
Front
How can writers monitor and improve their output?
Back
They can reread their text and revise wording, organization, or mechanics.
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