07 Cognition and Intelligence Free Online FlashCards

What is cognition?

Cognition is the set of mental processes used to acquire, represent, use, and communicate knowledge.

Phonemes versus morphemes

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a spoken language, while morphemes are the smallest units that carry meaning.

What is an algorithm?

An algorithm is a systematic, step-by-step procedure that guarantees a correct answer when applied properly.

What is a heuristic?

A heuristic is a general mental shortcut or rule of thumb. It is usually faster than an algorithm but does not guarantee correctness.

How does subgoaling help solve problems?

Subgoaling divides a complex problem into smaller, manageable tasks, reducing cognitive demands and making progress easier to monitor.

What is bounded rationality?

Bounded rationality describes decision making under limited time, information, and mental energy; people often choose a satisfactory option rather than the absolute best one.

Define fluid intelligence.

Fluid intelligence is the ability to reason, identify patterns, and solve novel problems without relying heavily on previously learned knowledge.

Reliability versus validity in intelligence testing

Reliability means a test produces reasonably consistent results; validity means it measures the ability it claims to measure.

What makes an idea creative?

Creativity is the ability to produce ideas, products, or solutions that are both novel and appropriate to a task or context.

Divergent versus convergent thinking

Divergent thinking generates many possible ideas, whereas convergent thinking evaluates alternatives and selects the most effective solution.

What is confirmation bias?

Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek or interpret evidence in ways that support an existing belief.

Define crystallized intelligence.

Crystallized intelligence consists of knowledge and skills acquired through education and experience, such as vocabulary and historical information.