Study 12. Psychological Disorders with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
What is a psychological disorder?
A psychological disorder is a clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior associated with substantial distress, impaired functioning, or difficulty meeting important responsibilities.
When can ordinary distress suggest a disorder?
Experiences become more concerning when they are persistent, severe, disproportionate, difficult to control, and disruptive to daily life.
How do DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 differ?
DSM-5-TR is a widely used U.S. diagnostic manual; ICD-11 is the World Health Organization’s global classification system for diseases and health conditions.
What is comorbidity?
Comorbidity is the pattern in which a person meets criteria for more than one condition.
What distinguishes an anxiety disorder from adaptive anxiety?
An anxiety disorder involves excessive or persistent fear and worry, avoidance, or related physical and behavioral symptoms that interfere with functioning.
What characterizes generalized anxiety disorder?
Generalized anxiety disorder involves persistent, excessive, difficult-to-control worry about several areas of life, often with tension, fatigue, irritability, or sleep problems.
What are the two core components of OCD?
OCD involves intrusive obsessions and repetitive compulsions or mental acts performed to reduce distress or prevent a feared outcome.
What symptom groups can occur in PTSD?
PTSD can involve intrusive memories or nightmares, avoidance, negative changes in mood and thinking, and heightened arousal after trauma exposure.
How do Bipolar I and Bipolar II differ?
Bipolar I disorder requires at least one manic episode; Bipolar II requires at least one hypomanic and one major depressive episode, with no history of mania.
How does mania differ from hypomania?
Mania is more severe than hypomania: it causes marked impairment, may require hospitalization, or may include psychotic features.
What is psychosis?
Psychosis is a symptom involving loss of contact with aspects of shared reality, not a single diagnosis.
What are negative symptoms in schizophrenia-spectrum conditions?
Negative symptoms include reduced emotional expression, speech, motivation, pleasure, or social engagement.