01
Front
How do researchers study mental representations?
Back
Mental representations are theoretical proposals inferred from patterns in behavior and brain activity; they are not observed directly.
Free Online Flashcard Deck
7 Methods and Models of Language Processing Free Online FlashCards
Study 7 Methods and Models of Language Processing with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
12 cards
02
Front
What makes evidence support one processing model over another?
Back
A model gains support when its specific predictions fit the evidence better than competing models, not merely when it can explain an effect afterward.
03
Front
Why carefully match conditions in an experiment?
Back
Manipulate one relevant property while controlling others, so differences are less likely to reflect confounds such as frequency, plausibility, memory load, or task demands.
04
Front
What can faster lexical decisions after related words indicate?
Back
Faster lexical decisions for “doctor” after “nurse” than after an unrelated word suggest that related concepts influence word recognition.
05
Front
What does syntactic priming suggest about sentence structures?
Back
Speakers may become more likely to use a construction they recently heard, suggesting that sentence structures are represented and reused.
06
Front
What can fixation durations and regressions reveal during reading?
Back
Fixation durations and backward eye movements, or regressions, provide a time-sensitive record of where readers encounter difficulty.
07
Front
What does the visual-world method reveal?
Back
Listeners’ eye movements toward pictured objects can show how spoken words and context guide interpretation as speech unfolds.
08
Front
What can naturally occurring speech errors reveal?
Back
Exchanging sounds or words can reveal which units and planning steps are involved in speech production.
09
Front
Why can’t natural language data alone usually establish causation?
Back
Corpora show language-use patterns in everyday settings, but co-occurring variables usually prevent them from establishing which factor caused a pattern without further analysis or experiments.
10
Front
What does EEG reveal well, and what is one limitation?
Back
EEG and ERPs record electrical activity at the scalp and track response timing, often at millisecond resolution; source localization is limited.
11
Front
What does MEG measure, and what challenge remains?
Back
MEG measures magnetic fields from neural activity, offering fine temporal resolution and often better source localization than scalp EEG; inferring neural sources remains challenging.
12
Front
What does fMRI measure, and what is a key limitation?
Back
fMRI measures BOLD signals to identify regions whose activity differs across conditions, but the signal is indirect and comparatively slow.
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