6 The Federal Bureaucracy Free Online FlashCards

What is the federal bureaucracy?

The network of departments, agencies, offices, and employees that carries out federal laws and public programs.

How do the branches share power over federal agencies?

The president directs much of the executive branch and must ensure laws are faithfully executed. Congress creates and funds agencies, while courts can review agency actions.

Who leads an executive department, and how are they usually selected?

Executive departments are large organizations headed by secretaries, who are usually nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate.

Which department includes the National Park Service?

The National Park Service is a subagency within the Department of the Interior.

Does “independent” mean an agency is free from oversight?

They are established outside major departments, but remain subject to statutes, congressional oversight, and judicial review.

What defines a government corporation?

A government corporation is created by law to provide particular services using a corporate form; its powers, funding, and oversight depend on its authorizing statutes.

How do career civil servants differ from political appointees?

Career civil servants provide continuity and specialized knowledge across administrations. Political appointees, including agency leaders, help set policy priorities.

What public participation does the APA require for many rules?

Under the Administrative Procedure Act, many rules require public notice and an opportunity to comment before a final rule is issued; some actions are exempt.

What enforcement work may agencies perform?

When authorized, agencies may inspect, investigate, monitor compliance, and take enforcement action.

What are agency administrative determinations?

They may decide matters such as benefit eligibility or whether a regulated entity violated a rule. These decisions must follow legal procedures and may be reviewed by courts.

What limits an agency's authority when it implements a law?

Agencies implement statutes and may act only within the authority Congress granted; they cannot disregard a statute or create powers beyond it.

What tools does Congress use to oversee agencies?

Congress can create or revise agency authority, appropriate funds, hold hearings, request information, and investigate performance.