09 Respiratory and Allergy Medications Free Online FlashCards

What is albuterol’s class and common role?

Albuterol is a short-acting beta₂ agonist (SABA) that rapidly relieves bronchospasm and is commonly used as a rescue inhaler.

What is the role of an inhaled corticosteroid in asthma?

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) control airway inflammation in asthma; they are not rapid rescue medicines. Rinse the mouth after use to reduce the risk of oral thrush.

When can an ICS–formoterol inhaler also serve as an asthma reliever?

When prescribed in an appropriate asthma plan, an ICS–formoterol regimen can provide both maintenance and reliever therapy. This does not apply to every ICS/LABA inhaler.

What is the role of a LAMA/LABA combination in COPD?

A LAMA/LABA combination provides maintenance bronchodilation for COPD; it is not a rescue inhaler.

What should be remembered about montelukast’s use and warning?

Montelukast is an oral controller option for asthma and allergic rhinitis, not a rescue medicine. It carries an FDA boxed warning about serious neuropsychiatric effects.

How do first- and second-generation H₁ antihistamines differ in common effects?

Second-generation H₁ antihistamines are generally less sedating, though drowsiness can still occur. First-generation H₁ antihistamines can cause sedation and anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth.

How are intranasal corticosteroids used for nasal allergies?

Intranasal corticosteroids treat persistent nasal allergy symptoms and work effectively when used regularly with correct spray technique.

What is pseudoephedrine used for, and what effects should be noted?

Pseudoephedrine is an oral decongestant for nasal congestion. It may raise blood pressure or heart rate and can cause insomnia.

What is the first-line emergency medicine for anaphylaxis?

Epinephrine is the emergency first-line medicine for anaphylaxis; antihistamines do not replace it.

How do dextromethorphan and guaifenesin differ?

Dextromethorphan temporarily suppresses cough; guaifenesin loosens mucus to make a productive cough easier to clear.

Why don’t antibiotics routinely treat a common cold?

A cold is usually viral, so symptom-relief medicines do not cure it or shorten its course. Antibiotics are not routine cold medicines; they are used when bacterial infection is suspected or diagnosed.

What is the key safety rule for LABAs in asthma?

In asthma, a long-acting beta₂ agonist (LABA) should not be used without an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS).