11 Renal, Urinary, and Reproductive Medications Free Online FlashCards

What class is furosemide, and what is a typical use?

Furosemide is a loop diuretic used for strong diuresis, including relief of heart-failure-related fluid overload.

What are two key safety concerns with high-dose furosemide?

Furosemide can lower potassium, and high doses may cause ototoxicity.

What potassium effect and distinctive adverse effect can spironolactone cause?

Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist that can raise potassium; it may also cause breast tenderness or gynecomastia.

What electrolyte and uric-acid changes can thiazide diuretics cause?

Thiazides such as hydrochlorothiazide are commonly used for hypertension and edema; they can lower potassium and sodium and raise uric acid.

What is a selected clinical use of intravenous mannitol?

Mannitol is an intravenous osmotic diuretic used in selected settings to reduce intracranial or intraocular pressure.

What bladder condition is oxybutynin used for, and what common effects may occur?

Oxybutynin is an antimuscarinic used for overactive bladder; dry mouth and constipation are common class effects.

What should be monitored with mirabegron?

Mirabegron is a beta-3 adrenergic agonist for overactive bladder; blood pressure may need monitoring.

How does tamsulosin improve urine flow in BPH?

Tamsulosin is an alpha-1 blocker for BPH that relaxes prostate and bladder-neck smooth muscle to improve urine flow; it may cause dizziness or orthostatic hypotension.

How quickly can finasteride’s benefit for BPH become apparent?

Finasteride reduces prostate size gradually, so improvement in BPH symptoms may take months.

What is an important limitation of phenazopyridine?

Phenazopyridine provides short-term relief of urinary burning and discomfort, but it is not an antibiotic and does not cure a UTI.

Why must PDE-5 inhibitors not be combined with nitrates?

PDE-5 inhibitors such as sildenafil must not be combined with nitrate medicines because the combination can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure.

How does tranexamic acid relate to heavy menstrual bleeding?

Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic used to reduce menstrual blood loss, including with heavy menstrual bleeding.