10 Gastrointestinal Medications Free Online FlashCards

What class includes omeprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole?

Omeprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole are proton pump inhibitors used for GERD and ulcers; they suppress acid more strongly than H₂ blockers.

How do antacids relieve heartburn?

Antacids neutralize acid already present and provide rapid, short-term relief of mild heartburn.

How does sucralfate help ulcers?

Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over an ulcer; it does not primarily suppress acid.

What important safety concern is associated with misoprostol?

Misoprostol helps prevent NSAID-associated gastric ulcers. It can cause uterine contractions, making pregnancy a major safety concern.

What is a key cardiac caution with ondansetron?

Ondansetron is a 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist used for nausea and vomiting; it can prolong the QT interval.

What movement-related risk limits metoclopramide use?

Metoclopramide increases upper-GI motility and is used for diabetic gastroparesis. Its risk of tardive dyskinesia increases with duration, so use is generally limited.

Which antimuscarinic can prevent motion-related nausea?

Scopolamine is an antimuscarinic used to prevent motion-related or postoperative nausea.

What is important when taking psyllium for constipation?

Psyllium is a bulk-forming fiber used for constipation; take it with plenty of fluid.

How does polyethylene glycol 3350 relieve constipation?

Polyethylene glycol 3350 is an osmotic laxative that draws water into the stool.

Besides constipation, what condition can lactulose help treat?

Lactulose is an osmotic laxative for constipation and is also used to lower ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy.

How do stimulant laxatives such as senna work?

Senna and bisacodyl are stimulant laxatives that increase bowel activity; they are commonly used short-term.

When should loperamide generally be avoided unless a clinician directs its use?

Loperamide slows intestinal movement to relieve uncomplicated diarrhea. Avoid it with bloody or black stool, high fever, or suspected invasive infection unless directed by a clinician.