Study 2 Laboratory and Specimen Tests with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
Unsure whether to fast before a blood test?
Check the test-specific instructions or ask the ordering clinician or laboratory; do not assume fasting is required. Plain water is generally allowed during a fast unless instructions say otherwise.
What does a complete blood count measure?
A complete blood count measures red cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white cells, and platelets. Findings need clinical context because abnormal counts can have many causes.
What aftercare and warning signs matter after venipuncture?
After venipuncture, keep the arm straight and apply firm pressure until bleeding stops. Report persistent bleeding, increasing swelling, significant pain, faintness, or redness promptly.
What methods and findings can urinalysis include?
Urinalysis may include visual inspection, chemical dipstick testing, and microscopic examination. It can assess urine appearance, pH, concentration, and findings such as blood, protein, cells, or bacteria.
What does a positive stool occult-blood test establish?
A positive stool occult-blood result means blood was detected; it does not diagnose cancer. Further evaluation may be needed to identify the cause.
Which reference interval should be used to interpret a lab result?
Check the units and reference interval printed on the report because intervals vary among laboratories and test methods.
What additional measures does a CMP include beyond a BMP?
A comprehensive metabolic panel includes measures such as glucose and electrolytes, plus proteins, liver-associated enzymes, bilirubin, and kidney-related measures such as BUN and creatinine.
How do glucose testing and A1C differ in what they reflect?
A glucose test reflects blood sugar at the time of collection; A1C estimates average blood sugar over roughly the prior three months.
What does a blood culture look for, and what can affect interpretation?
A blood culture looks for germs in the blood. A positive result may indicate bloodstream infection, but contamination is also possible, so interpret it with the clinical picture and other cultures.
Why and how is a clean-catch midstream urine sample collected?
Collect midstream urine to reduce contamination from organisms on the skin or genital area. Begin urinating into the toilet, then collect urine in the cup without letting it touch the body.
How should “no growth” or growth on a urine culture be understood?
A urine culture checks for bacteria or yeast. “No growth” is generally normal; growth may indicate infection, but symptoms and collection quality matter.
What is essential for a timed or 24-hour urine collection?
Save every void during the specified period and follow the container and storage instructions. If a sample is missed or spilled, contact the laboratory or clinician for guidance.
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