3 Bowel Obstruction Free Online FlashCards

How does mechanical obstruction differ from paralytic ileus?

A mechanical obstruction is a physical narrowing or blockage of the bowel; paralytic ileus is reduced or absent movement without a physical blockage.

What are three common causes of mechanical bowel obstruction?

Adhesions, hernias, and tumors are common causes. Other causes include volvulus, intussusception, inflammatory narrowing, and fecal impaction.

What can trigger paralytic ileus?

It can follow abdominal surgery or anesthesia, severe illness, electrolyte abnormalities, or medicines that slow motility, such as opioids and anticholinergics.

Why is a strangulated obstruction especially dangerous?

Pressure or twisting compromises blood flow to the bowel, risking ischemia, tissue death, and perforation.

Can stool or liquid still pass with a partial obstruction?

Yes. A partial obstruction may still allow some stool or liquid to pass.

What can bowel sounds indicate, and what can they not establish?

High-pitched or frequent sounds may occur early in mechanical obstruction, while ileus often has minimal or absent sounds. Bowel sounds alone cannot establish the diagnosis.

What can CT help determine in suspected bowel obstruction?

CT can help locate the obstruction, identify its cause, and detect complications such as ischemia or perforation.

Which changes in suspected obstruction require urgent reporting?

Worsening or severe continuous pain, guarding or rebound tenderness, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, increasing distention, bloody stool, or sudden deterioration need urgent evaluation.

How can bowel obstruction affect hydration and kidney function?

Fluid and electrolyte losses can cause dehydration and impaired kidney function.

What are common initial treatments for acute bowel obstruction?

Initial care commonly includes bowel rest (NPO), IV fluids, and correction of electrolyte abnormalities. Significant vomiting or distention may require nasogastric decompression.

What nursing care supports a patient with an NG tube for obstruction?

Record its drainage and provide frequent oral and nasal care. Maintain the tube according to policy and the prescribed plan.

When may bowel obstruction require surgery?

Complete obstruction, failure to improve, or evidence of ischemia, strangulation, or perforation may require surgery.