06 The Roman World Free Online FlashCards

What were the main duties of the Roman consuls?

Two consuls served one-year terms, led the state, and commanded armies; each could check the other.

What role did the Senate play in the Republic?

The Senate advised magistrates and wielded substantial influence over policy, finance, and diplomacy.

How could tribunes of the plebs protect plebeians?

Tribunes could protect plebeians from certain actions by magistrates and veto measures.

Who lacked the vote in the Roman Republic, and did political power become equal?

It was not a modern democracy: women, enslaved people, and noncitizens could not vote. Plebeians gradually gained access to offices and protections, but political influence remained unequal.

What did Rome gain from victory in the Punic Wars?

Rome’s victories over Carthage from 264 to 146 BCE helped make it the dominant power in the western Mediterranean.

What was a Roman province?

Provinces were conquered territories usually governed by Roman officials, while local communities often retained some institutions and customs.

What dates traditionally mark the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Empire?

The Republic is traditionally dated from 509 to 27 BCE; the Empire began under Augustus in 27 BCE. These dates mark political change, not an abrupt transformation of society.

How did Augustus use the Principate to consolidate power?

Augustus presented himself as princeps, or “first citizen,” and retained republican offices and language while concentrating decisive authority in his own hands.

How did imperial and local authorities share governing responsibilities?

Emperors commanded the army and controlled key provinces, while cities and local elites often managed everyday affairs.

What change to citizenship did Caracalla make in 212 CE?

In 212 CE, Caracalla extended Roman citizenship to nearly all free inhabitants of the empire.

How did Roman culture reflect influences from across the empire?

Romans adopted and adapted Greek literature, philosophy, art, and religious practices; provincial communities also shaped Roman styles and institutions.

What religious policy did Constantine and Licinius establish in 313 CE?

In 313 CE, emperors Constantine and Licinius established policies permitting Christian worship.