3 Corticosteroids for Respiratory Conditions
Learn how inhaled and systemic corticosteroids are used for respiratory conditions, how to use them safely, and which adverse effects may need attention.
How are used
reduce airway inflammation. , such as budesonide and fluticasone, are used mainly for ongoing asthma control. , such as prednisone, may be prescribed for significant exacerbations.
These medicines are anti-inflammatory treatments, not fast-acting bronchodilators. Their roles and potential adverse effects differ according to route, dose, and duration of treatment.
Controller treatment and symptom relief
Controller treatment helps maintain asthma control and lower the risk of worsening symptoms. Use the prescribed controller inhaler as directed even when feeling well; stopping or skipping treatment without clinical advice can allow asthma to worsen.
Follow the individual prescribed schedule, since treatment plans may use different schedules or combination inhalers. An ICS-only inhaler is not a quick-relief medicine. Certain prescribed combination inhalers containing ICS and formoterol can be used for both control and relief, but only when prescribed for that use.
Using inhaled safely
Rinse the mouth with water and spit it out after using an ICS inhaler. This helps reduce local medicine residue and the risk of . Hoarseness, also called dysphonia, is another common local effect.
A spacer may also help with some metered-dose inhalers. Use one if it is appropriate for the device and as advised.
With prolonged high-dose ICS use, systemic effects such as effects on bone or eye health are also possible. Using the lowest dose that maintains control and reviewing treatment with a healthcare professional can help manage risk. Growth may need monitoring in children receiving ongoing ICS treatment. Caregivers should discuss any proposed dose reduction or stopping with the child’s clinician.
What to do when asthma worsens
For worsening asthma, an ICS-only dose will not immediately open the airways. Follow the written action plan and use the reliever medicine prescribed for the individual. Seek urgent medical care if symptoms are severe or are not improving as directed. A combination ICS–formoterol inhaler may serve as a reliever only when specifically prescribed for that use.
Systemic treatment and its risks
A clinician may prescribe a short course of for a significant asthma or COPD . Follow the prescribed plan; do not start, extend, or change a course without guidance.
After longer-term or high-dose treatment, stopping suddenly may be unsafe. A clinician should guide dose changes or tapering. The likelihood of adverse effects generally increases with higher doses or longer treatment, and the particular risks depend on the medicine, dose, duration, and patient.
Possible effects include mood changes. With longer-term use, effects may include bone weakening, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, increased infection risk, and eye problems.