01
Front
What is framing in decision-making?
Back
Framing is the way a decision, its options, or their consequences are described.
Free Online Flashcard Deck
6 Framing and the Context of Choice Free Online FlashCards
Study 6 Framing and the Context of Choice with 12 free online flashcards. Review key terms, definitions, and concepts with this interactive flashcard deck.
12 cards
02
Front
How can you check whether a frame is influencing your choice?
Back
Restate the options in a common, neutral format and check whether your choice changes when equivalent outcomes are described differently.
03
Front
What is a reference point?
Back
A reference point is the status quo, expectation, goal, or recent experience against which someone judges an outcome as a gain or loss.
04
Front
How do equivalent losses and gains typically compare psychologically?
Back
In prospect theory, losses typically have greater psychological impact than equivalent gains.
05
Front
What is a default option?
Back
A default is the option that takes effect if someone does not actively choose another one.
06
Front
What is a key caution when comparing opt-in and opt-out donation systems?
Back
Higher stated donation agreement under opt-out arrangements is an observed pattern, but cross-country differences mean defaults alone are not proven to cause it.
07
Front
What does choice architecture include?
Back
Choice architecture is the design of the setting in which people make choices, including the options, their order and labels, and how they can be compared or changed.
08
Front
What makes an influence a nudge?
Back
A nudge changes the decision environment to steer choices while leaving the available options in place.
09
Front
What should you check before accepting a default?
Back
Check whether the default is recognizable and easy to change, and whether its consequences fit your own goals.
10
Front
What should you compare when evaluating uncertain options?
Back
Compare likely outcomes and probabilities rather than relying only on vivid descriptions or labels.
11
Front
How can gain-versus-loss framing affect risk preference?
Back
People often become more willing to take risks to avoid a loss than to pursue a gain, even when the underlying outcomes are equivalent.
12
Front
Why can an identical outcome feel different to different people?
Back
The same outcome can feel different because people judge it relative to different baselines, such as an expectation or the status quo.
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